Spatial characterization of catchment dispersion mechanisms in an urban context |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile;2. Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States;4. Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable CONICYT/FONDAP/15110020, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile;5. Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile;6. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy;7. LUNAM Université, IFSTTAR, GERS and IRSTV-FR CNRS 2488, F-44344 Bouguenais, France;1. Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8563, Japan;2. Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8568, Japan;3. Department of Socio-Cultural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8563, Japan;1. Department of Entomology,The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;2. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea;1. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany;2. National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Bucharest, Romania;3. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Bucharest, Romania;4. Climed Norad, Bucharest, Romania;1. Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str., GR-10434 Athens, Greece;2. IIHR – Hydroscience & Engineering, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1585, USA |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies have examined in-depth the dispersion mechanisms in natural catchments. In contrast, these dispersion mechanisms have been studied little in urban catchments, where artificial transport elements and morphological arrangements are expected to modify travel times and mobilize excess rainfall from spatially distributed impervious sites. This has the ability to modify the variance of the catchment’s travel times and hence the total dispersion. This work quantifies the dispersion mechanisms in an urban catchment using the theory of transport by travel times as represented by the Urban Morpho-climatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (U-McIUH) model. The U-McIUH computes travel times based on kinematic wave theory and accounts explicitly for the path heterogeneities and altered connectivity patterns characteristic of an urban drainage network. The analysis is illustrated using the Aubinière urban catchment in France as a case study. We found that kinematic dispersion is dominant for small rainfall intensities, whereas geomorphologic dispersion becomes more dominant for larger intensities. The total dispersion scales with the drainage area in a power law fashion. The kinematic dispersion is dominant across spatial scales up to a threshold of approximately 2–3 km2, after which the geomorphologic dispersion becomes more dominant. Overall, overland flow is responsible for most of the dispersion in the catchment, while conduits tend to counteract the increase of the geomorphologic dispersion with a negative kinematic dispersion. Further study with other catchments is needed to asses if the latter is a general feature of urban drainage networks. |
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| Keywords: | Dispersion Travel times Urban catchment Nonlinear response Kinematic wave |
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