A modeling-based analysis of the flooding associated with Xynthia,central Bay of Biscay |
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| Institution: | 1. UMR 7266 LIENSs CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l''Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France;2. National Civil Engineering Laboratory, Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal;3. BGS IT&E GmbH, D-64297 Darmstadt, Pfungstaedter Strasse 37, Germany;4. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA;1. The State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;2. Transportation Management College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Section of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands;1. Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands;2. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Hydraulic Engineering Section, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Integrated Research Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Storm-induced coastal flooding is among the most destructive natural disasters, as seen recently in the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Mexico and the Philippines. This study presents a high resolution hindcast of the flooding associated with Xynthia, a mid-latitude storm that severely hit the central part of the Bay of Biscay in February 2010. A 2DH fully coupled modeling system is applied to the North-East Atlantic Ocean, with a resolution locally reaching a few meters along the coastline of the study area. Such a fine resolution was required to adequately represent the dikes and the barriers that usually prevent the area from flooding, but results in a > 1,700,000 element unstructured grid. The comparison with the available data reveals that waves and water levels are reproduced with normalized errors of the order of 10% and 5%, respectively. The extension of the flooding is also well reproduced, although with some underestimations along the coastline and overestimation in the inner part of large marshes. These limitations are explained by a lack of spatial resolution locally and the absence of several processes in the model such as infragravity waves and wave runup. The comparison between our baseline simulation and a simulation where the flooding is disabled by increasing the dike height reveals differences in maximum water levels locally reaching 1.0 m. This result is of key importance for coastal management strategies and also questions classical engineering approaches relying on one-way nesting. |
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