微生物—矿物相互作用之环境意义的研究

微生物-矿物的相互作用是地球上广泛发生的一种地质作用，它直接导致矿物的溶解和沉淀，并进而对环境产生重要的影响。微生物-矿物相互作用对环境修复具有重要意义，如金属还原细菌（DMRB）可通过与Fe^3 -氧化物矿物的相互作用催化氧化降解含芳香环的化合物如苯酸盐、苯、甲苯等，或催化还原降解（聚）硝基芳香化合物及四氯化碳等，还可通过表面吸附作用或氧化还原作用使一些重金属元素如U、Np等高毒性的污染物固着或形成不溶的矿物形式，从而有效去除其毒性。另外，微生物亦可催化氧化形成对环境有高度污染的酸性矿山废水（AMD）等，总之，深入研究微生物-矿物的相互作用对环境的影响具有重要意义。

Environmental Significance of the Interaction between Minerals and Microbes

The interactions between minerals and microbes, which occur widely in nature and directly result in dissolution and formation of minerals, have profound impact on the environment. The interactions between minerals and microbes are helpful to remediation of the environment. The metal-reducing bacteria, for example, can degrade aromatic compounds like benzoate, benzene, toluene etc. through the oxidation process, or degrade (poly)nitroaromatic compounds and carbon tetrachloride through the reduction process by using Fe 3 -oxide as the terminal electron acceptor. Microbes can cause some harmful elements such as U and Np to precipitate as insoluble mineral species through bacterial surface absorption or redox process. In addition, some microbes can actively oxidize sulphide minerals, resulting in the formation of acid mine drainage which is very hazardous to the environment.