Surge in sulphur and halogen degassing from Ambrym volcano,Vanuatu |
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| Authors: | Philipson Bani Clive Oppenheimer Vitchko I Tsanev Simon A Carn Shane J Cronin Rachel Crimp Julie A Calkins Douglas Charley Michel Lardy Tjarda R Roberts |
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| Institution: | 1.Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,Nouméa Cedex,New Caledonia;2.P?le Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l’Environnement,University of New Caledonia,Noumea,New Caledonia;3.Department of Geography,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK;4.School of Chemistry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK;5.Department of Geological and Mining Engineering & Sciences,Michigan Technological University,Houghton,USA;6.Institute of Natural Resources,Massey University,Palmerston North,New Zealand;7.Environment Department,University of York,York,UK;8.Department of Geology,Mines and Water Resources,Port-Vila,Vanuatu;9.School of Chemistry,Cambridge,UK |
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| Abstract: | Volcanoes provide important contributions to atmospheric budgets of SO2 and reactive halogens, which play significant roles in atmospheric oxidative capacity and radiation. However, the global
source strengths of volcanic emissions remain poorly constrained. These uncertainties are highlighted here by the first measurements
of gas emission rates from Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu. Our initial airborne ultraviolet spectroscopic measurements made in January
2005 indicate fluxes of 18–270 kg s-1 of SO2, and 62–110 g s-1 of BrO, into the atmosphere, placing Ambrym amongst the largest known contemporary point sources of both these species on
Earth. We also estimate high Cl and F fluxes of ~8–14 and ~27–50 kg s-1, respectively, for this period. Further observations using both airborne and spaceborne remote sensing reveal a fluctuating
SO2 output between 2004 and 2008, with a surge in the first half of 2005, and underline the substantial contribution that a single
passively degassing volcano can make to the atmospheric budget of sulfur and halogens. |
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