准噶尔盆地的气候变化与荒漠环境研究

通过对北疆及准噶尔盆地的气候变化与荒漠环境效应研究认为,该区一是受气候变化的影响,其次是受地形和人类活动的影响。在气候变化和环境效应研究中,该地区有着不可替代的区域特征和学科意义。尤其是该区域受西风环流控制和受太平洋季风的影响较少,因此具有季风气候和地中海气候的双重性。因此,该研究区荒漠环境的正逆发展过程不仅受降水和温度的重大影响,而且季节性积雪和高山雪冰融水为荒漠植物的萌发与生长提供了有效的水资源。但是,该地区的生态环境十分脆弱,人类的过度开发和扰动对其的影响也非常严重。所以,加强气候变化与环境效应的相互影响研究,保护干旱生态的平衡发展,再造秀美山川,是该地区今后研究的重要任务和发展方向。

Climate Change and the Desert Environment in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Located in the region between the Tianshan Mountains and the Altay Mountains,Xinjiang,China,Junggar Basin is a semi-closed unequilaterial triangle interior basin due to the piedmont fractures;and Gurbantonggut Desert,the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China,is located in its central area.A ring-shaped geographical pattern of the ecology and the climatic environment was formed in Junggar Basin due to the unique mountain-basin structure and the general circulation system.There is an obvious difference in climate and environment in vertical geographical distribution:the alpine zone is perennially covered with snow and glaciers;in the middle and low mountain zones,precipitation is abundant,seasonal snow cover is thick,the forests and meadows grow luxuriantly,and the vegetation coverage is high;in the hills and the piedmont plains,precipitation reduces sharply,and desertification is obvious;and in the central area of the basin,a fixed and semi-fixed sand desert with an area of 47 800 km² develops.Through the research on the climate and the desert environment in Junggar Basin in north Xinjiang,it is considered that the area is mainly affected by climate change,then by topography and human activities.The area has the irreplaceable regional characteristics and the discipline significance in research on both climate and environment changes.Especially the climate in the basin has a duality of monsoon climate and Mediterranean climate because the area is mainly controlled by prevailing westerly circulation and slightly affected by Pacific monsoon.Precipitation and temperature play the important roles in the positive and reverse development processes of the desert environment,and the melt water of seasonal snow cover in the desert and snow and glaciers in the alpine zone provides the water sources for sprouting and growth of the desert plants in the basin.However,the ecological environment in the basin is extremely vulnerable,and impact of human's excessive exploitation and disturbance on it is serious.Therefore,it is an important task to strengthen protection of the arid ecological environment and to rebuild the beautiful landscapes in the regional development in future.