中国气象卫星和卫星气象研究的回顾和发展

气象卫星和卫星气象是大气科学中发展最迅速、成就最显著的一项大气探测技术和新兴的分支学科。目前 ,气象卫星已经成为地球大气探测系统中的主要成员 ,而卫星气象学则正在覆盖地球系统科学中的主要方面。文中从 3个方面综述自 2 0世纪 70年代以来的 30多年时间内 ,中国在这一领域内取得的主要成就 :(1)中国气象卫星的发展历史和现状 ,重点介绍了中国的极轨和地球静止气象卫星的发射、运行状况和主要技术指标及发展史。 (2 )气象卫星遥感原理和方法等方面的主要成果 ,重点评述了大气温湿廓线遥感反演、云特性反演、气溶胶特性反演、降水反演和云迹风生成等 5个方面的主要成果。 (3)气象卫星资料应用研究成果 ,主要包括气象卫星资料在天气分析和预报中的应用、在数值预报中的应用和在气候监测和短期气候预测中的应用。此外还包括同化和气候监测与预测研究的最新成果。

PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF CHINA METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE AND SATELLITE METEOROLOGY

The meteorological satellite and satellite meteorology are new monitoring technology and discipline that gained quick development and great success in past decades. At present, the meteorological satellite plays the most important role in the earth-atmosphere monitoring system, whereas satellite meteorology is a very active field in the earth science. This paper reviews that the progress and achievements in the meteorological satellite developments and applications since the 70s of 20 century. (1) The history of China meteorological satellite development is introduced, with the focus being on the launch, operation and basic specifications of orbit and geostationary meteorological satellites. (2) The researches on the theory and data processing method of satellite remote sensing is reviewed, especially on the retrieval of temperature profile, cloud properties, aerosols, precipitation and cloud wind. (3) The achievement on the China satellite applications is described, including those in the weather analysis and forecast, numerical weather prediction, climate monitoring and short range climate forecast. The recent development on the meteorological satellite data assimilation is also introduced.