汶川地震中极震区砌体结构教学楼典型震害分析

汶川8.0级大地震造成了巨大的损失,大量学校建筑遭受严重破坏,其中大部分是砌体结构教学楼。在此次地震中,极震区北川县擂鼓镇城区内的初中、小学和幼儿园等砌体结构教学楼的破坏极其严重,结构特征和震害现象十分典型。本文详细地介绍了擂鼓镇城区内5栋砌体结构教学楼的结构构造特点和震害现象特征,同时,总结归纳了砌体结构教学楼的典型震害并分析了震害原因;讨论并分析了建筑含墙率、开间大小、高宽比等因素对建筑的抗震能力的影响;通过结构易损性分析方法对教学楼在不同烈度下的破坏状态进行了计算,并与实际震害进行了对比分析;最后,为灾后教学楼的重建工作提出了建议。

Seismic Damage Analysis of Typical Masonry Teaching Buildings in Meizoseismic Area of Wenchuan Earthquake

The Wenchuan earthquake with MS 8.0 caused huge loss and severe damage of school buildings, among which most are masonry teaching buildings. In this earthquake, Leigu town, which adjoins Beichuan county, was the most seriously damaged place. The masonry teaching buildings of middle schools, elementary schools and kindergartens were damaged severely and the architectural feature and earthquake disaster phenomenon are very typical. The characteristics of structures and seismic damage of five masonry teaching buildings in Leigu town are introduced in detail in this paper. At the same time, the typical seismic damage and the damage causes of these masonry teaching buildings are given. The effecftive factors on seismic behavior such as the wall ratio, bay and height-width ratio are analyzed. By means of structure vulnerability analysis, damage states of these buildings, under different intensity, are calculated and used for comparative analysis with actual damage states. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on the reconstruction of teaching buildings after disaster have been given.