Monitoring systems for warning impending failures in slopes and open pit mines |
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Authors: | Ashkan Vaziri Larry Moore and Hosam Ali |
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Institution: | (1) FM Global, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, Norwood, MA 02062, USA;(2) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA |
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Abstract: | Slope stability is a critical safety and production issue for mining. Major wall failure can occur seemingly without any visual
warning, causing loss of lives, damage to equipment, and disruption to the mining process. Monitoring systems, ranging from
simple piezometers and extensometers to highly sophisticated radars and global navigation satellite systems, are employed
to predict impending instabilities and failure. Here, we provide a review of the available monitoring systems used in slope
management and highlight their major advantages and shortcomings. We propose a simple method for evaluating the effectiveness
and reliability of monitoring systems to warn of pending slope failures. The method is based on constructing monitoring reliability
maps for the slope by evaluating two slope parameters: Expected deformation to failure and critical reading frequency, which
depend on the slope characteristics (e.g., geology and design), service condition (e.g., rainfall, blast), and the economic
impact of the failure. The reliability of a deformation monitoring system can be subsequently assessed by identifying three
parameters of the system: Coverage area (large or discrete), Deformation monitoring precision, and Measurement frequency.
The application of the method to most commonly used deformation monitoring systems is demonstrated. The advantages and implications
of the proposed method are highlighted. |
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