黑龙江省电线积冰的气候特征及电网冰区划分

以1981-2012年黑龙江省32个电线积冰观测站资料和80个气象站资料为基础，分析了黑龙江省积冰的时空分布特征；通过建立出雨凇、雾凇标准冰厚与气象因子的回归方程，对黑龙江电网冰区进行了初步划分. 结果表明：雨凇的密度要远大于雾凇，多数站最严重积冰现象是由雨凇导致的，雨凇对积冰灾害的形成有着至关重要的影响. 雾凇日数远远大于雨凇日数，1981-2012年二者均呈显著下降的趋势；雨凇在秋季（11月份）最多，春季次之，而雾凇日数在冬季（1月份）最多，秋季次之. 雨凇日数在漠河北部、黑河大部、孙吴大部、五常大部和虎林南部较多，雾凇日数在齐齐哈尔中部、绥化中部以及三江平原东部地区最多. 冰区分布图结果显示，富裕属于中冰区，齐齐哈尔属于重冰区，其他地区均属于轻冰区.

Power grid icing in Heilongjiang Province: Climatic characteristics and division

Based on wire icing monitoring from 1981 to 2012 in 32 meteorological stations and available observational data at 80 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province, the temporal and spatial characteristics of power grid icing were analyzed, and then regression equations of glaze and rime were established, and an elementary grid icing division was made. The main results are presented as follows: 1) Generally glaze is far denser than rime, so glaze has a vital influence on the formation of icing disaster; 2) Days of rime is far more than that of glaze, both of them have a significant downward trend; days of glaze maximum appear in autumn, especially in November, followed by spring; days of rime maximum appear in winter, especially in January, followed by autumn; 3) Days of glaze are more in the north of Mohe, Heihe, Sunwu, Wuchang and southern Hulin, but days of rime are more in central Qiqihar and Suihua and the east area of Sanjiang plain; 4) The regression equations of rime and glaze can well simulate the high and maximal values. Qiqihar belongs to heavy-ice grade area, Fuyu belongs to middle-ice grade area and other areas belong to light-ice grade areas.