基于运费最低的中国原油管道网络空间优化研究

以规模及运量最大的中国东部原油管网为研究对象,选取2009年37条管道和满洲里-大庆铁路、20个主要油田及港口（口岸）、32个主要炼厂,建立原油供需平衡表,基于运费最低并考虑到不同管径管道的运输成本差异,结合空间分析与线性规划的研究思路与方法,对东部原油管网进行空间优化研究及分类评价。结果表明：（1）2009年中国东部原油管网优化运费较实际运费减少了34.5%,表明原油管网总体流通效率不高,具有较大提升空间;（2）东北地区各管道流通状况相对较好;华北地区管道均为负荷不足或无负荷类型,流通效率不高;华东地区黄淮分区的多数管道为负荷不足类型,仅有两条百万吨流量管道为良好类型,长江中下游分区的甬沪宁线和仪金线为超负荷类型。

The Spatial Optimization of Eastern China’s Crude Oil Pipeline Network upon Cost Minimum

Eastern China＇s crude oil pipeline network is of the largest scale and freight volume in China.Here,we analyze 37 oil pipelines and one railway（38 oil flow channels）,20 oil fields with output of over a million tons of crude oil,and 32 refineries each of which refine over a million tons of crude oil.We construct a supply and demand balance sheet of oil sources and sinks by considering the transportation cost variance of variant pipeline diameters to determine the spatial optimization of Eastern China＇s pipeline network.In 2009,the optimal cost of this network was 34.5% lower than the total actual cost,suggesting that oil flow is overall inefficient and there is huge potential to improve flow efficiency.Within Eastern China,the oil flow of the Northeast network was relatively better than others,but the flow in Northern China is inefficient because all pipelines are underload or noload,and there were similar conditions in the Huanghuai region.We assumed no difference in pipeline transport speed,compared to rail or road transportation,thus transportation distance,rather than time,is the main influential factor under the definite transporting cost of variant pipeline diameters.