古环境演变和海岸线变迁对江淮东部新石器文化的影响

考古学发现江淮东部已有十多处新石器文化遗址,形成了有区域特征的文化序列。分别为龙虬庄文化(7 000?6 300~5 500 aBP)、大汶口文化(5 500~4 600 aBP)和龙山(岳石)文化(4 300~3 450 aBP)。在中全新世适宜期,受气候、长江、淮河三角洲的发育和海面变化的共同作用,江淮东部约7 000 aBP,陆地东扩、多道沙堤演化及古泻湖发育,形成低洼的里下河地区。适宜的水汽环境繁育了大量的水生动、植物和大型哺乳动物,为古代先民居住提供了适宜的居住地和食物资源。岳石文化末期(3 450 aBP稍后),气候温和略干,江淮东部长期处于盐沼环境,且海潮成灾,导致先民迁徙,古文化出现断歇。古环境演变对江淮东部史前文化的兴衰驱动作用明显。

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION AND COASTLINE CHANGE ON THE NEOLITHIC CULTURES IN THE EASTERN PART OF JIANG-HUAI AREA

More than ten neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in the eastern part of Jiang-Huai area, showing a cultural sequence consisting of the Longqiuzhuan culture(7 000?6 300~5 500 aBP),Dawenkou culture (5 500~4 600 aBP)and Longshan (YueShi)culture (4 300~3 450 aBP). During the period of Holocene optimum,due to the joint action of favorable climate, rapid development of the Yangtze and Huai river delta and sea level changes, land was expanded eastward about 7 000 aBP. Multi-channel sand bars and lagoons were developed. As the result, the lowland of LiXiaHe area was formed. The environment provided favorable conditions for the survival of aquatic animals, large mammals and plants and the settlement of human being. During the YueShi cultural stage (3 450 aBP years later), however, the climate became mild and slightly dry, and the Jianghuai area was dominated by salt marshes under frequent tidal flooding, that forced the ancient residents to move away and caused the break of cultural records. It suggests that palaeoenvironmental changes is the main factor to the rise and decline of prehistoric cultures.