The structure of the mid- and high-latitude ionosphere during the November 2004 storm event obtained from GPS observations |
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Authors: | Andrzej Krankowski Irk I Shagimuratov Lubomir W Baran Galina Yakimova |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Geodesy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland;(2) West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia |
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Abstract: | GPS data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) network were used to study the development of the severe geomagnetic storm
of November 7–12, 2004, in the total electron content (TEC) on a global scale. The TEC maps were produced for analyzing the
storm. For producing the maps over European and North American sectors, GPS measurements from more than 100 stations were
used. The dense network of GPS stations provided TEC measurements with a high temporal and spatial resolution. To present
the temporal and spatial variation of TEC during the storm, differential TEC maps relative to a quiet day (November 6, 2004)
were created.
The features of geomagnetic storm attributed to the complex development of ionospheric storm depend on latitude, longitude
and local time. The positive, as well as negative effects were detected in TEC variations as a consequence of the evolution
of the geomagnetic storm. The maximal effect was registered in the subauroral/auroral ionosphere during substorm activity
in the evening and night period. The latitudinal profiles obtained from TEC maps for Europe gave rise to the storm-time dynamic
of the ionospheric trough, which was detected on November 7 and 9 at latitudes below 50°N. In the report, features of the
response of TEC to the storm for European and North American sectors are analyzed. |
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Keywords: | ionosphere Total Electron Content geomagnetic storm ionospheric perturbation |
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