乡村振兴背景下广东省农村宅基地房屋特征

以广东省农村地籍调查数据为基础，结合GIS空间分析方法，对农村宅基地房屋的利用、结构、空间分布等特征进行分析，结果表明：1）研究区内农村宅基地房屋以一层、砖结构和混合结构为主，空间分布存在明显的地域差异性。同时层高与结构间的空间分布存在一定相关性，低层与砖、混合结构房屋主要分布在粤北及粤西等偏远地区，高层与砼结构房屋多集中在珠三角地区。2）研究区内农村宅基地房屋空置、闲置现象普遍，平均空置率和闲置率分别为6.75%和5.66%，且农村空心化现象显著，50.87%的区县村庄处于中度空心化程度以上。此外，研究区内存在一定的一户多宅与户均宅基地面积超标现象。3）研究区内农村房屋利用特征受到人文、自然、社会、经济等多方面的影响，其中区域经济差异及珠三角发达地区的虹吸效应影响最为显著。广东省农村宅基地房屋利用特征与影响因素存在明显的空间差异性，且存在一定的闲置宅基地资源，因此乡村振兴战略实施时应当因地制宜，加强农村建设用地优化调整。

The Characteristics of Rural Homestead Housing in Guangdong Province Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Since the reform and opening up, China has achieved great progress in industrialization and urbanization. However, due to the long-term implementation of the economic development model of "emphasizing cities over township" and the urban-rural dual system, the gap between urban and rural development is constantly increasing, and the problems of land resource allocation and contradiction between man and land in rural areas have gradually emerged. Rural homestead is the main place where farmers live, with unique land use characteristics. The information such as the structure and utilization status of houses on it can clearly reflect the local rural economic situation and homestead problems. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and differences of rural homestead housing is of great significance to understand and grasp the situation and problems of rural development and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on the rural cadastral survey data of Guangdong Province and combined with GIS spatial analysis method, this paper analyzes the characteristics of rural homestead housing. The results show that: (1) The rural housing in the study area is relatively low, mainly with one floor, supplemented by two and three floors, mainly brick and mixed structure, supplemented by concrete structure, and there is a certain correlation between the number of floors and the spatial distribution of the structure. Among them, the proportions of one storey house, brick structure and mixed structure house are 59.42%, 37.71% and 42.60% respectively. (2) There are obvious regional differences in the number of floors and structural spatial distribution of rural homestead housing in the study area. Low-rise, brick and mixed structure houses are mainly distributed in remote areas such as northern and western Guangdong, and high-rise and concrete structure houses are mostly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta. (3) The vacancy and idleness of rural homestead housing in the study area are common. The average vacancy rate and idle rate are 6.75% and 5.66% respectively, and the rate of one househould with multiple houses reaches 23.88%. The phenomenon of rural hollowing is obvious, and 50.87% of the villages in districts and counties are above the moderate hollowing, mainly distributed in the fringe area of the Pearl River Delta and Meizhou in northern Guangdong. At the same time, there is a certain phenomenon that the average household homestead area exceeds the standard. (4) The characteristics of rural housing utilization in Guangdong Province are affected by factors such as policies, economy, transportation, physical geographical condition and local customs. And the influencing factors in different regions are different, such as the special folk customs have a greater impact on rural housing in eastern Guangdong, and the economic situations and urban siphon have a greater impact on the characteristics of rural housing in the edge of the Pearl River Delta. There are obvious spatial differences in the utilization of rural homestead housing in Guangdong Province, and there are many idle homestead resources. There is great potential for the optimization and adjustment of rural construction land for rural revitalization.