The clouds of Venus: An anisotropic scattering model

The phase function $\text{ω}\text{?}\text{(1 + a}\text{cos}\text{θ)}$ for anisotropic scattering is applied to a homogeneous atmospheric model to ascertain the effects of anisotropy on the near-infrared spectrum of Venus. L. D. G. Young's equivalent widths for the 820 Å CO₂ band are analyzed to derive allowed combinations of CO₂ specific abundance, continuum albedo, pressure, and degree of anisotropy. From these combinations, values are derived for the photon mean-free path and total optical thickness of the clouds. The Venera 10 measurement of the transmitted flux at 7200 Å is then used in conjunction with spherical albedo requirements to reduce the range of possible solutions to the equivalent-width analysis. Through the application of approximate similarity relations, the “true” (i.e., anisotropic) atmospheric parameters are derived from the isotropic values. For an assumed Mie scatterer with an average anisotropy factor of 〈cos θ〉 = 0.7, the results indicate a total optical thickness of about 55 with a single-scattering albedo of 0.9992 to 0.9995.