图像全站仪及图像测量发展与展望

全站仪是使用非常广泛的测量仪器，但一次只能测量一个点，而且测量效率和精度易受操作员影响。带相机的图像全站仪正好可以避免以上两个问题。图像全站仪取代普通全站仪也是未来测量仪器的发展趋势。图像全站仪将全站仪的实时性、高精度、高稳定性与相机的无接触、面测量、无人为误差等技术优势结合在一起，在天文测量、形变监测、精密工程测量及地形图测绘等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文在介绍图像全站仪的概念和发展历程的基础上，对图像全站仪的特点和可能的应用领域进行分析，最后结合图像全站仪和图像测量中存在的问题，指出今后的发展方向。

Development and prospect of image assisted total station and image measurement

As a widely used measuring instrument, total station can only aim at one object at a time, and the efficiency and accuracy are often relied on people who conducts it. Both defects can be eliminated exactly by using image assisted total station (IATS), which is most likely to replace conventional measuring appliances in the future. Based on the integration of coaxial camera in total station, the real-time, high precision, and high stability of the total station are combined with the technical advantages of cameras such as non-contact, surface measurements and no human error. Therefore, IATS have extensive application prospects in fields such as astronomic surveys, deformation monitoring, precision engineering surveys, and topographic mapping. By introducing the concept of IATS and its development, this paper analyzes the characters of IATS and its possible applying fields. Based on the analysis of the features of IATS and possible application areas and combined with the defects when measuring with IATS, certain direction for the future development will be revealed.