浅海水下地形地貌遥感信息提取与应用

本文根据笔者在我国渤海海峡、闽江口、瓯江口以及珠江口附近海域的遥感实验,讨论由卫星遥感提供的水下地形地貌信息的特征、机理,提出使用信息论和灰色系统论方法分析水深遥感信息传递的过程。以此为依据,建立水深信息提取模型,研究其实用性、精度和效果。实践表明,水深遥感的测量精度没有达到大、中比例尺常规测量的要求。但作为大面积、短周期的宏观分析,特别是遥感图像上显示的海水表层流场特征,对判别浅海水下地形走向和地貌单元,了解其冲刷、沉积作用的动力因素,动态变化等具有十分重要的意义,它成为常规方法的补充手段。对近海的规划、开发,如港湾海水养殖、航道选址、海上工程、海水排污等方面的海水环境分析与宏观评价及监测,具有一定的优势。本文着重讨论了以下三个问题: 1.水下地形地貌遥感的原理与信息特性;2.水深信息提取及灰色系统方法与模糊判别模型分析;3.遥感水下地形地貌的应用与效果分析。

The Extraction of Geomorphologic Remote Sensing Information on Shallow Sea Under-water Terrain and Its Application

By using the data of the landsat and with the help of computer image processing method, the information of shallow sea's configuration and terrain are obtained in the areas of Chang Dao Island (Southern Bohai Strait), Ming Jian, Ou Jian and Pearl river mouth. In this paper, the auther discusses the characteristics of under-water terrain and the module of picking up water depth message. To obtain the better result, the multiseaonal and multispectral data are needed to pick up the information. It can be seen that the application of satellite remote sensing and image processing technology is one of the method of shallow sea investigation, and it's a useful supplement for ordinary investigation, especially for the investigation in the changeable and dangerous oceanic areas. Also, its applications in sea shore planning, developing and managing such as environmental monitoring and evaluating for acquatic culture in bay.