日本对虾野生种群和养殖种群遗传结构的RAPD标记研究

于１９９７年４月在福建和山东青岛分别采集地虾野生种群和养殖群体的样品，采用ＲＡＰＤ标记技术对其遗传结构进行初步研究。用２０个随机引物在野生种群和养殖群体中分别扩增出１５７和１５３条ＤＮＡ片段，其中多态性段数分别为８５和５８条，多态性片段的比例分别为５４．１４％和３７．９１％，平均杂合度分别为０．２５１７和０．１３４３。

STUDY OF POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE IN PENAEUS JAPONICUS WITH RAPD MARKERS

In April 1997, samples of natural population and hatchery stock of Penaeus japonicus were collected from Fujian Province and Qingdao, Shandong Province respectively. The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique was applied to the examination of the genetic structure of the natural population and hatchery stock of Penaeus japonicus. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20 individuals for natural population and hatchery stock. Amplification with 20 random primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5min, and followed by 45 cycles of 1min. at 94°C, 1min. at 36°C, and 2min. at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10min. after 45 cycles) generated 157 and 153 fragments in natural population and hatchery stock, respectively. The polymorphic fragments were 85 and 58, and the mean proportions of polymorphic amplified fragments of natural population and hatchery stock were 54.14% and 37.91%, respectively. The value of average heterozygosity for natural population and hatchery stock were 0.2517 and 0.1343, respectively. The higher value of the average heterozygosity of natural population indicates that the natural resource of Penaeus japonicus was in good condition with higher genetic variability, and effective measure should be carried out to maintain the good status. The lower heterozygosity in the hatchery stock suggests that the approaches such as marker assisted selection should be induced into the shrimp breeding programs.