共和盆地气候变化及其环境响应

利用共和盆地1953年以来的气象资料,分析了53年来的气候变化特征。结果显示:(1) 共和盆地多年平均气温呈上升趋势,以每10年约0.28℃的倾向率增高,各季节气温和降水变化趋势不一致,春季(3-5月)和夏季(6-8月)气温上升不明显,但秋季(9-11月)和冬季(12-2月)两季上升明显;年降水量呈现微弱的增加趋势,年内分配不均,夏季和秋季降水减少,春季和冬季降水量增加; (2) 共和盆地气候暖干化是目前导致土地沙化日趋严重、草地退化、灾害频繁、河流径流量减少等环境问题的关键性因子,已经对当地的社会经济发展与环境产生了重大影响;(3)共和盆地是青藏高原乃至全球气候变化的敏感地区。

Responses of the environment to climate variations in Gonghe basin

This paper studied the responses of the environment to the climatic changes by using the temperature and precipitation data at Gonghe station covering the period from 1953 to 2005. The results show that: (1) The annual average temperatures in the area showed a marked increasing trend, with a rate of about 0.28℃ per 10 years, higher than the mean values for China and the whole world. The seasonal temperatures and precipitation showed different increasing trends. The temperatures rose more significantly in autumn (from September to November) and winter (from December to next February), while spring (from March to May) and summer (from June to August) witnessed a slower temperature increase. The annual precipitation showed a slight increasing trend. In summer and autumn, the precipitation showed a tendency to decrease year by year, and more marked decrease was recorded in autumn. However, in spring and winter the precipitation shows a tendency to increase year by year. (2) The warmer and drier climate is the key factor leading to the environmental problems such as desertification, grassland degradation, frequent disasters and decreasing runoff, which have had great effects on the socio-economic development and environment in this area. (3) The Gonghe basin is one of the sensitive and vulnerable areas to the climate change on the Tibetan Plateau and even in the world.