旅游目的地区域(TDD)及其空间结构研究——以西安为例

在对国内外相关研究进行综述的基础上,以西安为例,对旅游目的地区域(TDD)进行了界定。以"一日游"旅游行为基准给出了西安旅游目的地区域范围,即以250 km为半径,相当于单程旅行2.5小时的通达范围。并发现西安TDD对周边地区旅游客源产生了明显的截流效应。分析了主要旅游景点(3A以上)的空间分布特征,认为呈现集聚分布,有利于旅游资源组团式开发。运用洛仑兹曲线,发现西安市出行的5条主要旅游路径利用强度存在严重不均衡。文章结论主要包括:TDD的核心表现为旅游区、旅游节(景)点和旅游路径三种空间要素,其中对旅游目的地区域发展影响较大的两个要素是高级别景区与旅游路径,二者决定了区域旅游产业的规模、空间分布和旅游流向。随着区域旅游一体化的推进,客观上要求以西安为中心的关中旅游热点地区要逐步打破地区壁垒,共同开拓市场,优化旅游景点组合,打造旅游精品群,以促进旅游业的持续发展。

Tourist Destination District and Its Spatial Structure

Tourist spatial structure is a complicated topic. In this paper, based on the study progress in China and foreign countries, some "spatial models of tourist system" are proposed by single factors, such as behavior, tourist zoning, tourist attractions and tourist flow. Then taking Xi'an as an example, Tourist Destination District is defined and analyzed. By using "One-day Tour Circle", the range of TDD in Xi'an is proposed, including the district with 250 km as a radius (2.5h traffic-time distance). Based on zoning of TDD in Xi'an, the distribution of high-grade tourist spots (up to 3A) is analyzed. That agglomeration of high-grade tourist spots is convenient to develop tourist attraction cluster, which is concentrated on Xi'an urban built-up area and its adjacent districts. By the analysis of Lorenz curve, serious disequilibrium of different tourist routes in TDD of Xi'an is concluded, which indicates that different routes has different intensities of utilization, agglomeration of visitors in the eastern routes has strengthened the capacity of destinations such as army ruffian and Huaqingchi spring. Main conclusions in this paper include: two components are very important to the sustainable development of regional tourism, which are tour nodes and travel paths respectively. Scale, spatial distribution and tourist flow of tourism industry is strongly influenced by tourist spatial components, especially spots and routes. With the integration of tourist market, redisplay of tourist routes and connection with strong and weak tourist spots, the best tourist products can be brought out. Improvement of competition of tourist products is the key of TDD.