造山型金矿容矿建造分类、成矿模式及找矿勘查

造山型金矿床指造山过程中形成的后生脉状金矿床，受构造、建造双重控制，是全球最重要的金矿勘查类型。按容矿岩石建造的不同，造山型金矿可分为绿岩带型（包括绿片岩型、BIF型和花岗- 片麻岩型3个亚类型）、浊积岩型、碳酸盐岩型和浅成侵入岩型，构成了造山型金矿床完整的成矿谱系。不同类型之间具有紧密的时空和成因联系，可互为找矿标志。绿岩组合和浊积岩系具有高的金丰度，既是容矿岩系，也是重要的矿源层，多类型造山作用驱动大规模区域性流体活动，造就了造山型金矿省/巨型成矿带，岩浆流体叠加和“热机效应”是形成超大型金矿床的重要因素。构建了多源区域性流体+岩浆流体叠加的地壳连续成矿模型和造山型金矿区域成矿模式，强调了多旋回造山作用对造山型金矿的成矿意义。“富金矿源层+剪切变形带+浅成侵入岩”组合是大型金矿系统的勘查选区标志，靶区优选的目标是获取找矿潜力大的优质矿权；矿权区勘查的优先目标是发现可规模化露天开采的矿床（体），通过化探异常评价和浅钻追索次生富集带，可快速发现主矿体；矿区深部找矿（深度>300 m）潜力巨大，主攻目标是资源量大、品位高的热液通道相的厚板状或筒状矿体。

Classification of host rock formation, metallogenic model,and exploration of orogenic gold deposits

The term “orogenic gold deposits” refers to epigenetic gold- vein systems that are formed during orogeny and are controlled by both structural features and rock composition. These deposits are considered the most significant type of gold exploration globally. Based on the different types of host rocks, orogenic gold deposits can be classified into four main types: greenstone- hosted (including greenschist, BIF, and granite- gneiss subtypes), turbidite- hosted, carbonate rock- hosted, and hypabyssal intrusion types. Together, they constitute the clan of orogenic gold deposits. Among these different types, there are close temporal- spatial associations and genetic relations,making them potential indicators for mutual prospecting. The greenstone assemblage and turbidite sequenceare particularly noteworthy due to their high gold abundance. They not only serve as host rock series but also act as important source beds. The occurrence of multiple types of orogeny initiates and drives extensive regional fluid activities, leading to the formation of orogenic gold provinces or giant metallogenic belts. The superposition of magmatic fluids and the “heat engine effect” play crucial roles in the formation of super- large gold deposits. Acrustal continuous metallogenic model can be constructed by combining regional fluids from multiple sources with magmatic fluid. This model emphasizes the significance of multi- cycle orogenic processes in the formation of orogenic gold deposits. The combination of “fertile source rock, shear deformation zone, and hypabyssal intrusion” serves as the selection criterion for targeting large- scale gold systems. This approach is beneficial for acquiring exploration licenses with significant prospecting potential. Geochemical anomaly assessment and drill- tracing laterite supergene enrichment are effective methods for discovering the main ore bodies. These methods are particularly suitable for large- scale open- pit mining.The orogenic gold mining area exhibits significant potential for deep prospecting (depth>300 m). The main targets for such exploration are large tonnage and high- grade ore shoots with extensive down- plunge extents formed during the hydrothermal channel phase.