Nature of particulate organic matter in the River Indus,Pakistan |
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| Institution: | 1. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraβe 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, F.R.G.;2. Institute of Chemistry, Sind University, Jamshoro, Sind, Pakistan;1. Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan;2. Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan;1. Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;2. Glactone Pharma AB, Helsingborg, Sweden;3. Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden;1. College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China;2. Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China;1. Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany;2. Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany;3. Centre for Stable Isotope Research and Analysis, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Suspended sediments from the Indus River collected during 1981 through 1983 were analyzed for POC and its constituent fractions including amino acids, amino sugars and sugars. Percentage of POC decreased with increasing suspended matter concentrations, which suggested dilution of organic matter by mineral matter.The concentrations of amino acids, amino sugars and sugars varied, respectively, between 180 and 2000 μg/l, 5 and 125 μg/l, and 60 and 1100 μg/l. Their contributions to POC varied between 2 and 60% for amino acids and amino sugars, and between 2 and 15% for sugars. They were high during low sediment discharge (February to June), and low during high sediment discharge (August and September). Suspended sediments associated with high sediment discharge periods were characterized by low ratios of: - 1.(i) aspartic acid:β-alanine
- 2.(ii) glutamic acid:γ-aminobutyric acid
- 3.(iii) amino acids:amino sugars
- 4.(iv) hexoses:pentoses. These and the relative distribution pattern of the monosaccharides such as galactose, arabinose, mannose and xylose indicated that, not only dilution, but also differences in the sources and processes affect the POC transport in the Indus River. These result in transport of biodegraded organic matter during high sediment discharge periods: this appears to be common to other major rivers of the region, with depositional centers in deep sea areas. These rivers, with their high sediment loads, could contribute up to 8 to 11% of the global annual organic carbon burial in marine sediments.
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