SNOW COVER CHARACTERIZATION USING MULTIBAND FMCW RADARS

The use of radars to characterize the physical properties of a snow cover offers an attractive alternative to manual snow pit measurements. Radar techniques are non-invasive and have the potential to cover large areas of a snow-covered terrain. A promising radar technique for snow cover studies is the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The use of a multiband radar approach for snow cover studies was investigated in order to fully exploit the capabilities of FMCW radars. FMCW radars operating at and near the C-, X- and K_a-bands were used to obtain radar profiles over a wide range of snow cover conditions. These frequency-dependent radar signatures were used to identify important snow cover features such as ice and depth hoar layers. Snow grain size information was also obtained from the frequency-dependent scattering losses that were observed in the snow cover. Several case studies of FMCW radar profiles are presented in order to demonstrate the advantages of a multiband radar approach for monitoring the spatial and temporal variability of snow cover properties and/or processes over an extended area.