毛蚶消化系统形态学、组织学与组织化学的研究

运用解剖学、组织学和组织化学方法对毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata）消化系统的结构和功能进行了研究。结果表明：毛蚶消化系统由消化道和消化盲囊组成。消化道包括唇辩、口、食道、胃、晶杆囊、肠、直肠和肛门。除唇辩、晶杆囊外的消化管壁由内向外可分为四层：粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。粘膜层包括粘膜上皮和粘膜肌层。口腔和食道上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，消化道其它部位的粘膜上皮都为单层纤毛柱状上皮。胃壁和肠壁的局部缺乏肌层。除口腔腹面的外膜为浆膜外，其余皆为纤维膜。消化盲囊为复管泡状腺，以导管与胃腔相通。腺上皮由胚性细胞（E-细胞）、纤维细胞（F-细胞）、吸收细胞（R-细胞）和分泌细胞（B-细胞）组成。在口、食道、胃、肠等部位的消化管腔存在着吞噬细胞。肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的碱性磷酸酶活性，胃上皮、肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的酸性磷酸酶活性。胃和肠的粘膜下层、消化盲囊腺上皮和结缔组织中含有钙和铁。

MORPHOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF SCAPHARA SUBCRENATA(LISCHKE)

The structure and function of the digestive system of Scapharca subcrenata was studied by anatomical, histological and histochemical methods. The digestive system of Scapharca subcrenata consists of the digestive tract and digestive diverticula.The digestive tract is composed of the labial palps, mouth, esophagus, stomach, style sac, intestine, rectum and anus. The tract except the labial palps and style sac consists of mucous membrane, submucosa lamina, lamina muscularis and adventitia. The mucous membrane is made up of epithelial lining and lamina muscularies mucosae. The type of epithelial lining is simple ciliated columnar epithelium, but the mouth and the esophagus are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. A part of the stomach and the intestine has no muscular layer. The adventitia is composed of fibrosa, except serosa covering the wall of ventical mouth. The digestive diverticula is the type of compound tubuloacinar gland which communicates with the stomach by a system of ducts. The glandular epithelium is formed by four types of cells :embryo cell (E-cell),fibrillar cell(F-cell),resorptive cell(R-cell) and secretory cell(B-cell). There are phagocytes in the lumen of mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestine. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the epithelium of intestine glandular epithelium. The epithelium of stomach and intestine and glandular epithelium show strong activity of acid phosphatase. Ca and Fe exist in the submucosa lamina of stomach and intestine the glandular epithelium, and the connective tissue of the digestive diverticula.