全球铝土矿中稀土和钪的资源潜力分析

本文在对前人资料的收集、整理及汇总等工作的基础上,按铝土矿标准对全球铝土矿中稀土和钪的资源潜力进行了综合分析。结果显示:铝土矿成矿时代主要集中在古生代、中生代及新生代;由老至新,铝土矿主要矿物类型具有由硬水铝石→一水软铝石→三水铝石演变的规律。但铝土矿的矿物组合特征变化不大;矿床中的稀土矿物以镧、铈及钇三族矿物为主。此外,中生代稀土元素的资源潜力最大,新生代次之,古生代最小。而在区域上,由单个矿床构成的地区中,黑山(Zagrad)的潜力最大,澳大利亚(Darling Range)最小。而由多个矿床构成的地区(如中国、意大利、伊朗)中,其资源潜力大致相同。而另一关键元素钪不同时期资源潜力的差异不明显;但区域上,相对巴西等国,俄罗斯、黑山及西班牙等国的资源潜力更大。而我国铝土矿主要发育在古生代(石炭纪和二叠纪),其中稀土资源潜力从南至北表现出增大的趋势;同时,相对于其它单个稀土元素,铈是地质历史时期中资源潜力最大的关键元素。在我国铝土矿矿床中,以广西平果矿床中钪的资源潜力最高,而贵州省普遍低。

Resource potential analysis of REE and Sc in global bauxite

On the basis of collecting, sorting out and summarizingof the previous data, this paper carrieda comprehensive analysis of the resource potential of REE and Sc in the global bauxite according to the bauxite standard. The results show that the metallogenicepisodes of bauxiteare mainly concentrated in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and the main mineral types of bauxite decrease with time, and have the change rule from diaspore to boehmite to gibbsite. However, the mineral assemblage characteristics of bauxiteremain constant. The rare earth (REE) minerals in the bauxite deposits are mainly lanthanum, cerium and yttrium. Besides, the MesozoicREE elementshavethe largest resource potential of , the Cenozoicsecond ,and thePaleozoic smallest. Andin the areas where only single mineral deposit is present, REEs in the bauxite deposit (Zagrad) of Montenegrohas the greatest potential, and Australia (DarlingRange) the smallest. However, inareas with multiple deposits (e.g., China, Italy, Iran), REEs in individual depositshave roughly the same resource potential. In addition, the scandium isanother critical element, and yieldssimilarresource potential in the differentperiods (Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic). On the regionscale, however,the scandium in Russia, Montenegro and Spain have greater resource potential than Brazil and other countries.In China, the bauxitedepositsare mainly formed in Paleozoic (carboniferous and Permian) period.TheirREE resource potential increases from south to north.Meanwhile, among the single rare earth elements, the cerium is the critical element with the largest resource potential in geologic historical periods compared to other REE elements. Among the bauxite deposits of China, the scandium of Pingguo deposit (Guangxi) havethe highestresource potential, while that in Guizhou province generally yield low one.