磁赤道处化极方法

化向地磁极(化极)是最基本的磁测资料处理方法之一,化极能消除或减少斜磁化影响,提高对磁测资料的认识程度和解释水平,对研究地壳产生的磁异常具有重要意义.但低纬度地区特别是磁赤道处,化极处理很不稳定甚至奇异,一直是位场研究的难点.针对地磁纬度较低特别是磁赤道地区磁异常化极的困难,利用从磁北极处垂直磁化向低纬度地区水平磁化方向转换稳定的特点,提出"狭义化赤"概念,并将其与低纬度磁异常"倒相"解释方法结合,提出专门用于磁赤道处化极的方法.该方法扩展了现有的化极理论,实现了磁赤道处的稳定化极.区别于目前任何方法,专门用于(近)水平磁化条件下的化极计算,具有原理简单,实现方便,收敛速度快等特点.对理论模型和实际资料计算表明这种针对磁赤道地区磁异常的化极处理方法是稳定、可靠的.

Reduction to the pole at the geomagnetic equator

Reduction to the pole (RTP) is a standard part of magnetic data processing method, especially for large-scale mapping. RTP operation can transform a magnetic anomaly caused by an arbitrary source into the anomaly that the same source would produce if it is located at the pole and magnetized by induction only. Interpretation of magnetic data can further benifit from RTP by removing the influence of magnetic latitude on the anomalies, which is significant for anomalies caused by crust. The solution of RTP in the wave number domain faces a long standing difficulty of instability when the observed data are acquired at low latitudes especially at the geomagnetic equator. We present a new solution to this problem that allows stable reconstruction of the RTP field with a high fidelity at the magnetic equator, combining the reduction to the equator (RTE) and the phase reversal interpretation method for ΔT anomalies at low latitudes. The operation with RTE can transform theoretical magnetic anomalies located at the pole and magnetized by induction only into the observed magnetic anomalies. RTE used in our RTP procedure named SRTE is an absolutely stable potential field transformation. The principle of method is very simple, it can transform the observed magnetic anomaly at geomagnetic equator into the anomaly that would have been measured if the magnetization and ambient field were both vertical. It is a stable RTP operation at geomagnetic equator and performs a high computation speed with a reasonable accuracy. Theoretical models and the practical magnetic field data located at the magnetic equator show that the operator of RTP solution is stable and accurate.