山西太原至灵石一带石炭纪含煤地层中的粘土矿物

石炭纪含煤地层在山西省不仅含有重要价值的煤炭资源,而且也含有极为丰富的粘土。过去生产部门和科研机构曾从不同角度对含煤地层中的粘土进行过研究,并发表了数篇文章。笔者在参加研究华北地台沉积建造过程中,对太原西山七里沟剖面和灵石县城郊剖面进行了野外观察并系统地采集了标本。所有标本都进行了粘土提纯,去除碳酸盐、有机质,并分别作了差热、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱和透射电镜的分析研究。本文试图从粘土矿物类型,纵向分布以及成因等方面进行探讨。

THE CLAY MINERALS FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS STRATA CONTAINING COAL BEDS IN AREA FROM TAIYUAN TO LINGSHI,SHANXI PROVINCE

The Carboniferous strata containing coal beds in the area from Taiyuan to Lingshi,Shanxi Province,are a set of nearshore deposits alternation of marine and land beds.They are rich in clay minerals which according to differentical thermal analysis,x-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscope,and electron microscone are determined as kaolinite of fireclay type,hydromica,7 Å-halloysite,10 Å-halloysite,mixed layer hydromica-montmorilonite,montmori-lonite.Of them kaolinite is the most abundant clay mineral.These clay minerals have a regular distribution in the strata,rich in kaolinite towards the lower part of coal beds,and in hydromica towards the upper part of coal beds.The distribution of the clay minerals is not only related to the strata,but also to sedimentary environments.The content of kaolinite is rather higher in land beds,but it deceases towards sea.The content of hydromica is higher in marine beds.These clay minerals were generated in many ways.They chiefly derived from terrigenous province,some may be products of diagenesis and epigenesis.7 Å-halloysite and 10 Å-halloysite can be regarded as products of present weathering and eluviation.