Measuring fracture orientation at exposed rock faces by using a non-reflector total station |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1;3. School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;3. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;4. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Western Australia, Australia;5. Shanghai Tongyan Civil Engineering Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China;1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (Geological Survey of Spain), Rios Rosas 23, Madrid, Spain;2. Civil Engineering Department, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;1. Departamento de Ingeniera Civil, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain;2. Risk Analysis Group, Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTE), Facult des Gosciences et de l''Environnement, Universit de Lausanne, Unil-Mouline, Geopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;2. Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, PowerChina, Chengdu 410014, China |
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| Abstract: | Measurements of fracture orientation are usually taken by using a compass-inclinometer device on exposed rock faces. The drawbacks when using this method is that it is time-consuming if many fractures are measured and that measurement might be impossible if the rock face cannot be safely reached physically. To improve field mapping of rock fractures, a method for applying a non-reflector total station to measuring fracture orientation is presented in this paper. A non-reflector total station is a geodetic device that captures three-dimensional co-ordinates of target points without using a reflector. Therefore, physical touching the rock surfaces is no longer required. To determine a fracture orientation, co-ordinates of a set of points on the exposed fracture surface are captured at a distance from the rock face. The best-fit plane of the exposed fracture surface is defined by the co-ordinates of the target points, and the orientation (e.g. dip angle and dip direction) of the fracture surface is determined as that of its best-fit plane. This paper presents the technical procedure and a portable system designed for the field mapping of fracture orientation. Results of a case study performed at an exposed rock face are also included. |
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