闽南丘陵区典型小流域空间框架数据采集与应用

综合利用Photoshop、Geoway、MapInfo、ArcView等软件提供的处理技术,通过对扫描得到的地形、土地利用和水土流失等要素图进行图像剪切、拼接、配准、采样、跟踪、调整以及属性表的维护等一系列处理步骤,建立了大比例尺小流域地理空间框架数据集,提供了小流域空间框架数据采集与应用的技术流程与方法,提出应用各种软件进行大比例尺空间框架数据处理过程中应当注意的各种细节问题.最后,以闽南丘陵地区草子坝小流域为例,利用ArcView的3D Analyst、Spatial Analyst、Geoprocessing等扩展模块以及MapInfo SQL查询功能,对流域空间框架数据进行处理,得到了用于比较精细空间尺度上表达流域三维地形模型、坡度、坡向、河流垂直剖面、晕渲,不同高程上的土地利用类型等专题应用结果.

Development and Application of High Spatial Resolution Framework Data in a Small Southern Fujian Watershed

The availability of high resolution framework data, including those of geodetic control, elevation, hydrography, orthoimagery, soil erosion, land use and land cover, for watersheds, is an increasing concern. This study illustrates how Photoshop, Geoway, MapInfo and ArcView tools, with their respective processing technologies, can work collectively for gathering, organizing, analyzing and conveying information regarding spatial framework data in a small watershed of southern Fujian province. Based on scanned data sources, mainly to pography, land use and soil erosion maps, concrete procedures and technologies concerning raster image subset, masaic, registration, re-sampling, line trace and snap, table maintain, data layers harmonization, and data format transformation, are presented. The case study can serve as a model for building high resolution spatial framework data and provide a means to solicit detailed information for decision marking in the planning, management or monitoring of watersheds. Issues about error minimization, data quality control, and how to improve data accuracy, are also identified. Finally, by the use of modules, such as Arcview 3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst and Geoprocessing, the spatial framework data of the watershed is processed, which brings about various thematic maps, such as watershed DEM, TIN, Slope, Aspect, River Vertical Sections, and land use types on different elevations. To make it an interactive process, indigenous knowledge is also considered and integrated into such advanced GIS techniques.