河流—波浪—潮汐混合作用过程研究进展

河流、波浪和潮汐混合作用过程是当前沉积学的热点问题。通过梳理三角洲与其他一些海（湖）陆过渡沉积体系中关于河流—波浪、河流—潮汐、波浪—潮汐和河流—波浪—潮汐相互作用的相关研究，归纳总结了目前几种沉积过程的相互作用以及相应的沉积特征。河流和波浪的相互作用一般发生在河口附近，两者的相对强度以及波浪入射方向共同控制三角洲的形态和沉积物分布。长期的河流和波浪共同作用能够形成非对称性三角洲以及浪控复合斜坡型三角洲。河流和潮汐的相互作用通常发生在强潮汐或中潮汐区域的三角洲或河口湾的河流—海洋过渡带；随着相对海平面升降、沉积物供给变化和气候变化等因素的影响，潮汐和河流相互作用的三角洲和河口湾沉积体系经常反复叠加发育。潮汐和波浪的相互作用主要体现在潮汐不仅直接控制沉积物的沉积过程，而且间接性地移动波浪带进而影响相应的沉积相带。尽管目前河流、波浪、潮汐混合作用过程已经有一定程度的研究，但无论是短期小尺度的相互作用过程，还是长期受宏观因素（包括沉积物供给、海平面升降、构造沉降等）影响下的相互作用与演化过程，均有待进一步研究。

Recent Advances in River-Wave-Tide Mixed Processes

Mixed-energy process interaction of river， wave and tidal currents is one of the main research questions in sedimentology. In this study， the interactions of river-wave， river-tide， wave-tide and river-wave-tide in deltas and other coastal depositional systems are reviewed， and the associated sedimentary features are summarized. Mixed river and wave processes usually occur near the river mouth， and the relative strength and angle of the waves influence the morphology and sediment distribution in deltas. Long-term mixed processes may result in asymmetrical deltas and wave-dominated compound-clinoform deltas. The combined processes of river and tide are seen in the fluvial-to-marine transition zone of deltas and estuaries， particularly in macrotidal and mesotidal regions. Depositious of deltas and estuaries tend to repeat vertical stacking as sea level， sediment supply and climate change. Tidal processes have a significant impact on wave-influenced environments， as they not only directly influence sediment deposition， but also shift wave zones along the shoreface profile when water depth varies with tidal cycle. Despite there have been some recent research on mixed-process depositional systems， the short-term and long-term interaction processes still need to be better understood.