水库防洪优化调度的恒定出流模型及应用

现行水库洪水优化调度数学模型存在泄流闸门开度不断调整及时段间流量突变的问题。针对这些问题，将水库防洪优化调度数学模型分为时段内出库流量线性变化的瞬时出流模型和时段内出流不变的恒定出流模型。对于1个水库和1个防洪控制点所组成的基本防洪系统，应用矩形入流条件的河道洪水演进方法，以时段内恒定的出库流量为决策变量，构建水库防洪优化补偿调度数学模型。实例计算结果表明:恒定出流模型比瞬时出流模型占用的防洪库容减小0.05%~0.18%、最大下泄流量有增有减，即恒定出流模型既不劣于瞬时出流模型，也能很好地解决瞬时出流模型存在的问题。同时，实例揭示的水库二次补偿调节比等蓄量调度方式减小防洪库容10.6%，为确定水库的防洪库容提供了新的方法。

Study on constant outflow model for reservoir flood control operation and its application

There are some problems in the current mathematical model of the optimal operation of reservoir floods, such as continuous adjustments of the discharge gate and sudden change in discharge between time periods. In response to these problems, the model of the optimal operation of reservoir flood control is divided into the instantaneous outflow model and the constant outflow model. In a basic flood control system consisting of a reservoir and a flood control station, with a constant outflow rate considered the decision variable, a compensative reservoir flood control regulation is developed through the confluence curve of the Yangtze Water Resources Commission; this system can meet the requirements of refinement and safety. Compared with the instantaneous outflow model, the results of the constant outflow model show that the flood storage capacity decreased by 0.05%—0.18%, while the maximum discharge shows the behavior of both increasing and decreasing, indicating that the constant outflow model is not inferior to the instantaneous outflow model. At the same time, the results reveal that the regulation of secondary compensation reduces the flood control storage capacity by 10.6% compared with that obtained with the equal-storage operation model; this result provides a new method for determining the flood control storage capacity of a reservoir.