浮冰界面融化速率参数化方案的实验室研究

融冰季节时天然浮冰表面、底面和侧向融化共存，三者融化速率是底面大于侧向，侧向大于表面。而且浮冰尺寸越小，侧向速率占比越高。为了解决将小尺度浮冰块尺度指标计入融化参数化方案，在低温环境实验室无辐射、无流速、控制气温和水温条件下对天然海冰和人工冻结淡水冰的圆盘试样，开展了不同初始水温和不同初始直径的圆盘试样融化过程实验，获得了圆盘试样直径、厚度和质量融化过程。依据这些实验数据，构建试样直径厚度比这一新指标，通过物理分析和数学统计手段，建立了海冰和淡水冰试样表面、底面融化速率同温度梯度，侧向融化速率和温差以及直径厚度比的关系式。这些关系式能够应用于天然直径100 m范围内浮冰的融化参数化方案，期望能解决北冰洋海冰和入海口近岸淡水冰夏季融化季节能量和质量平衡数值模拟的需求。

Laboratory study on parameterization of ice floe melt rate at ice-air and ice-water interfaces

During the ice melting season, the surface, bottom and lateral melting of natural ice floes coexist, and the melting rate of the three is that the melting rate of the bottom is greater than the lateral, and the lateral is greater than the surface. And the smaller the ice floe size, the higher the proportion of lateral velocity. In order to solve the problem of including the small-scale ice floe scale indicators into the melting parameterization plan, in the low-temperature environment laboratory without radiation, no flow rate, controlled air temperature and water temperature, the disk samples of natural sea ice and artificially frozen fresh water ice were carried out. Experiments on the melting process of disc samples with different initial water temperatures and different initial diameters were carried out. Obtain the disc sample diameter, thickness and mass melting process. Based on these experimental data, a new indicator of sample diameter-to-thickness ratio was constructed. Through physical analysis and mathematical statistics, the melting rate of the surface and bottom surface of the sea ice and freshwater ice sample was established with the temperature gradient, the lateral melting rate, temperature difference, and diameter. The relationship between the thickness ratio. These relationships can be applied to the melting parameterization scheme of floating ice within a natural diameter range of 100 m. It is expected to solve the demand for numerical simulation of the energy and mass balance of the summer melting season of Arctic sea ice and coastal freshwater ice at the sea estuary.