区域水平衡基本原理及理论体系

实现健康的区域水平衡是中国水利工作的重要内容和挑战, 对保障国家水安全、国民经济和社会持续稳定发展具有重要意义。在总结前期水平衡理解和认识的基础上, 定义了区域水平衡的概念, 从水收支平衡、经济社会供需水平衡、经济与生态用水平衡、人水关系和谐平衡4个方面和时间、空间、系统3个维度解读其内涵。提出了区域水平衡的基本原理, 包括水量平衡原理、供需平衡原理、协同平衡原理及和谐平衡原理, 分析了以基本原理支撑实现区域水平衡需要重视的科学问题。从理论基础和基本理论2个方面论述了区域水平衡的理论体系, 其中, 理论基础包括水文学、水资源学、生态学、经济学、社会学等理论, 基本理论包括水资源收支时空均衡理论、水资源供需优化配置理论、经济与生态用水协同论、人水和谐论等, 并展望了基本理论的应用前景。研究成果可进一步拓展区域水平衡研究思路, 为今后开展区域水平衡管控与实践提供研究框架和理论基础。

The basic principle and theoretical system of regional water balance

Achieving a healthy regional water balance is an important content and challenge of China′s water conservancy work, which is of great significance to ensure national water security and the sustainable and stable development of the national economy and society. This study defined the concept of a regional water balance based on a summarization of the fundamental understanding of a water balance, then its connotation was interpreted from four aspects: ① water budget balance; ② water supply-demand balance of economic society; ③ water use balance between the economy and ecology; ④ harmonious balance of human-water relationship, and three dimensions of time, space, system. This study proposed the basic principles of a regional water balance, including water balance principle, supply and demand balance principle, synergistic balance principle and harmonious balance principle. The important scientific challenges for realizing a regional water balance supported by basic principles were analyzed. The theoretical system of regional water balance was discussed in terms of two aspects of theoretical basis and basic theory. The theoretical basis includes hydrology, science of water resources, ecology, economics, sociology and other theories. The basic theory includes the spatiotemporal equilibrium theory of water resources budget, the optimal allocation theory of water resources supply and demand, the synergy theory of water use between the economy and ecology, and the human-water harmony theory. This study also discussed the prospect of applying the basic theory. The results of this study can act as a reference for future studies of the regional water balance and can provide a research framework for management of the regional water balance in the future.