气候变化对湖泊蓝藻水华的影响研究综述

在全球气候变化的影响下,湖泊蓝藻水华面临着规模扩张、频率增加和持续时间延长的发展趋势,严重威胁着湖泊生态系统服务功能和人体健康。系统阐述了外部环境因子和内部生理生态特征对湖泊蓝藻水华发生的作用机制,探讨了气温升高、CO₂浓度增加、极端气候事件频发对湖泊蓝藻水华发生机制的影响途径和过程,初步搭建了以“机理解析—模型构建—模拟预测—风险评估”为主线的气候变化对湖泊蓝藻水华的影响研究框架,并提出了应对气候变化的湖泊蓝藻水华防控策略。针对目前研究存在的问题,从大数据监测平台搭建、机理模型构建及风险预测、营养盐控制标准制定、防控政策制定等方面提出了未来研究的重点方向,以期为湖泊蓝藻水华的综合防治提供科学支撑。

A review of studies on the impact of climate change on cyanobacteria blooms in lakes

Climate change potentially increases the severity, frequency, and duration of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater lakes, thereby threatening the ecosystem service functions of these lakes and negatively impacting human health. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the external environmental factors and internal eco-physiological characteristics that may trigger these blooms. In particular, detailed discussions are provided to explain the processes leading to cyanobacterial blooms caused due to rising temperature, CO₂ concentration, and extreme climate change. A preliminary research framework to determine the impact of climate change on the blooms, namely, the mechanism analysis — model construction — simulated prediction — risk assessment research framework, is established. Strategies for the control and prevention of bacterial blooms are developed. Several key future research themes, including the construction of big data monitoring platforms, mechanism models for development and risk prediction, and formulations of nutrient control standards and prevention policies, are proposed to tackle the current problem. This review provides scientific evidence for the prevention and control of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes.