河北省主要气象灾害时空变化的统计分析

根据1984~2011年河北省气象灾害统计数据和河北省气候影响评价资料,分析了河北省气象灾害灾次和灾情的时空分布特征。研究表明:河北省主要的气象灾害有暴雨洪涝、旱灾、雹灾、风灾和雷灾等5类,5类气象灾害存在明显的时空分布特征。河北省暴雨洪涝主要集中在河北省西北部,灾次比最大值0.038;冰雹灾情主要集中在张家口、承德以及位于太行山东麓的保定西部地区,灾次比最大值为0.027;干旱灾情主要集中在邯郸以及沧州南部,灾次比最大值为0.036;大风灾情主要集中在河北中部,高值中心在唐山北部,灾次比最大值为0.030;雷电灾情主要集中在秦皇岛、张家口以及石家庄,灾次比最大值为0.034。河北省暴雨日数分布与暴雨洪涝灾情分布的不一致表明气象灾害灾情除与致灾因子有关外,还与承灾体脆弱性密切相关。

Statistical Analysis of Meteorological Disasters in Hebei Province

Temporal-spatial distribution of meteorological disasters was analyzed based on the statistical data of meteorological disasters in Hebei Province and climate assessment material during 1984-2011. The results demonstrate that there were mainly 5 kinds of meteorological disasters in Hebei,including flood,drought,hail,gale and thunderstorm,which presented obvious temporal-spatial characteristics. Floods mainly concentrated in the northwest region of Hebei Province,with a maximum disaster number ration of 0. 038.Most hail disasters existed in Zhangjiakou,Chengde and west of Baoding,which was located at east of the Taihang Mountain,with a maximum disaster number ration of 0. 027. Drought occurred mainly in Handan and south Cangzhou,with a maximum disaster number ration of 0. 036. Gale disasters usually occurred in the middle of Hebei,with a peak in north Tangshan and a maximum disaster number ration of 0. 030. Thunderstorms mainly stroke Qinhuangdao,Zhangjiakou and Shijiazhuang,with a maximum disaster number ration of0. 034. The inconsistency of the spatial distribution of rainstorm days and floods suggested that meteorological disasters were not only related to factors leading to disasters,but also the vulnerability of the disaster bearing body. The results provided observational facts and references for monitoring and early warning of meteorology disasters and could contribute to the meteorology disaster risk management of the government.