从地方到中央:中国湿地保护制度的现实与未来

2003年,黑龙江省颁布了中国首部湿地保护地方性法规,经过10余年的立法探索,中国已经有27个省(自治区或直辖市)颁布了湿地保护条例,形成湿地保护制度27项,构建了包括湿地保护基础制度、湿地开发利用制度、湿地修复制度、湿地监管制度和法律责任制度在内的湿地保护制度体系,为湿地中央立法积累了有益的经验。目前,湿地地方立法存在地方湿地保护制度框架体系不完整、制度配套不齐全和部分制度有待完善等问题。在未来湿地中央立法时,应该在地方湿地保护制度体系的基础上,对其进行细节完善,使制度之间得以相互配合,发挥其保护湿地的最大功效。

From Local to Central Govermments:Present and Future of Systems of Wetland Conservation in China

Local wetland conservation regulations have been promulgated in 27 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China within 10 years since Heilongjiang province issued the first one in 2003. As a result 27 items of systems of wetland conservation have been constructed, including fundamental institutional system, development and exploitation system, restoration system, supervision system, and legal liability system in the field. The establishment and enforcement have thus accumulated beneficial experiences for the national wetland legislation. However, problems of the present local regulations of wetland conservation remain in incomplete and imperfect framework of conservation system, relevant supporting system, and some particular legislation. The future national wetland legislation, therefore, is suggested to consummate the details based on the current local ones for the new systems to fit together ingeniously and maximize the effectiveness of wetland conservation.