渭河咸阳城区段天然河滩与由河滩改造的湿地公园中6类野生动物分布对比

为了对比渭河城区段天然河滩与由河滩改造的湿地公园中野生动物的分布情况,进而对河流天然河滩的园林化改造进行评估。2016年5月至2018年4月,采用样带法、典型样方法和坑穴诱捕法,调查了渭河咸阳城区段天然河滩和被改造为湿地公园的河滩中鸟类的巢和蛇类、蛙类、刺猬类、兔形类、鼠类的分布及其数量。研究结果表明,在天然河滩采样地中,诱捕到的5类野生动物和鸟巢的数量都显著大于其在湿地公园中的数量(p<0.05),且天然河滩被改造为湿地公园后,蛇类、刺猬类和兔形类野生动物几乎消失。可见,将天然河滩改造为湿地公园,实现了城市人居空间的延伸,增加了游憩功能,但是,因其改变了原天然河滩的地形、土壤和植物群落,使得湿地公园失去了原天然河滩的大部分生态功能,野生动物失去了它们赖以生存的独特环境,其分布种类和数量皆显著减少。

Comparison of the Distribution of 6 Kinds of Wild Animals in Natural River Beach and Wetland Parks Transformed from River Beach in Xianyang Section of Weihe River

In order to compare the distribution of 6 kinds of wild animals in the natural river beach and wetland park transformed from river beach in Xianyang section of Weihe River, further to evaluate the naturalization situation of the natural river beach, the distribution and quantity survey about bird nests and other 5 kinds of wild animals, such as snakes, frogs, hedgehogs, rabbits and rodents, were carried out in the natural river beach and the wetland park transformed from the natural river beach in Xianyang section of Wei River by plot and line transect sampling as well as pit trapping from May 2016 to April 2018. The number of 6 kinds of wild animals in the sampling sites of the natural river beach was significantly greater than that in the wetland park(p<0.05). In addition, snakes, hedgehogs and rabbits had almost disappeared after the natural river beach were transformed into wetland park. It was concluded that wetland park transformed from the natural river beach, though extenting urban living space and adding recreational functions, changed the terrain, soil and plant communities of the natural river beach, most of the ecological functions of the natural river beach and unique habitats of wild animals had been lost. As a result, number of species and individuls of the wild animals were significantly reduced accordingly.