黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质差异

为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。

Differences of Physical,Chemical and Biological Properties of Soils of Marsh,Forest Land and Farmland in Heilongjiang Harbin Baiyupo National Wetland Park

In order to explorate the difference of soil properties in natural Phragmites australis marsh, forest land, farmland in Heilongjiang Harbin Baiyupao National Wetland Park, 4 kinds of sampling site(natural Phragmites australis marsh, forest land, upland field and paddy fields) were selected, and soil samples at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm were collected from July 25 to August 2, 2018. Soil physical,chemical and biological indexes were determined. The results showed compared with the soil of natural Phragmites australis marsh, water contents and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and organic matter in the soils at other sampling sites decreased significantly, and the soil available phosphorus contents in the soil of paddy field were increased. The activities of urease, nitrate reductase, cellulase, protease and β-glucosidase in the soil of natural Phragmites australis marsh were higher than those in forest land and farmland. Nitrate reductase activities in the soil at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm in paddy field were significantly higher than those in upland field and forest land. Compared with the soil of natural Phragmites australis marsh, the aggregates which were smaller than 0.25 mm in the soil increased significantly in upland field. While the proportion of granular aggregates in the soils of other sampling sites changed little. And the average weight and diameter of soil aggregate in paddy field was lower than that in natural Phragmites australis marsh and dry field.