Quaternary deformation mapping with ground penetrating radar |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (LPS), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China;2. Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;3. Evo-Eco-Paléo, UMR 8198 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;4. Van Mildert College, Institute of Advanced Study, Durham University, Cosin''s Hall, Durham DH1 3RL, UK;5. Paleontology and Paleoenvironment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China;6. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in a programme of geological and hydrogeological investigations into the Quaternary of west Cumbria, UK. The investigations were part of an extensive programme to determine the suitability of the area for a deep radioactive waste repository. The hydrogeological characteristics of the drift deposits are important since they affect both recharge and discharge. The glacially derived Quaternary sediments include a variety of deformation structures related to their mode of deposition and subsequent modification by glacial and periglacial processes. These deformation structures range from variable scale thrusts (centimeter to tens of meter displacement due to proglacial thrusting) to small to medium scale faults, folds and collapse structures which are early or syn-sedimentary adjustments. From the GPR data a number of dipping reflectors, having dip angles in the range of 8–23°, were interpreted as thrust planes and related faults and folds have been clearly observed. Inwardly dipping reflectors, having a maximum dip angle of 36°, creating a characteristic `V' shaped anomaly, were also observed and interpreted to be linear collapse structures where glacitectonically emplaced slices of ice melted out causing sediments to slump. Lateral continuations, up to 90 m, of GPR-interpreted dislocations were mapped between survey lines, suggesting that such features could be laterally continuous on the scale of hundreds of metres. |
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