Alteration of the Callovo–Oxfordian clay from Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France) by alkaline solution. I. A XRD and CEC study |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;2. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;3. Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;4. SuperSTEM, STFC Daresbury Laboratories, Keckwick Lane, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK;5. School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;6. Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK;7. National Nuclear Laboratory Ltd., Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington WA3 6AE, UK;1. Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3/Ecole des Mines de Nantes/PRES UNAM, 4 rue A. Kastler, 44307 Nantes Cedex, France;2. Radiochemistry Lab, School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031 PR China;4. ANDRA, Research and Development Division, 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France;1. Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, 5 rue Albert Turpain, Bât. B8, TSA - 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France;2. Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures - ICMN CNRS, UMR 7374, Université d''Orléans, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France;1. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. United Research Center for Urban Environment and Sustainable Development, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Shanghai Shen Yuan Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China;4. Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, UR Navier/CERMES, 77455, France;5. Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | The reaction of the clay fraction of the Callovo–Oxfordian hard shale formation hosting the French underground laboratory site, with high pH NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2 solutions has been investigated through closed system experiments at 60, 90 and 120 °C over 6, 24 and 168 h. The mineralogical composition of the run samples has been determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) of randomly oriented powders showing the formation of different species of zeolites (analcime, chabazite, phillipsite) and Ca silicates (tobermorite, katoite). The phyllosilicates were studied using XRD of oriented preparations and cation exchange capacity measurements. Detrital or diagenetic mica and chlorite in the <2 μm fraction remain unchanged. On the contrary, the smectite and random illite–smectite mixed layer minerals are strongly reactive. The expandable layers of montmorillonite type are selectively dissolved while beidellitic ones survive or are transitionally formed. |
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