洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性及分布现状

湖滨带水生植物对湖泊生态系统健康的维持具有重要作用。为了解当前洱海湖滨带水生植物现状,本研究于2020—2021年间每季度对洱海湖滨带水生植物进行调查。调查结果表明:(1)洱海湖滨带现有水生植物206种,属56科156属,其中湿生植物149种,挺水植物24种,沉水植物21种,漂浮植物7种,浮叶植物5种;常见种有狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、菰(Zizania latifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)等,偶见种为忍冬(Lonicera japonica)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)等。(2)从区系分布来看,洱海湖滨带物种主要为世界分布(83种)和热带分布(55种)两种类型,分别占总物种数比例的40.28%和26.71%。(3)在植物群落方面,洱海湖滨带共有18个主要植物群落类型,其中湿生植物群落4种,挺水植物群落3种,沉水植物群落9种,浮叶植物群落2种;以狗牙根群落、菰群落、苦草群落、菱群落为主。通过与历史文献结果的对比分析得出,近年来洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性有了显著提高,但目前存在挺水植物群落...

Diversity and distribution status of aquatic plants in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai

Aquatic plants in lakeshore zone play an important role in maintaining the health of lake ecosystem. In order to understand the current status of aquatic plants in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai, this study investigated the aquatic plants quarterly in the lakeshore zone from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that there were 206 species of aquatic plants belonging to 56 families and 156 genera in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai, including 149 species of hygrophytes, 24 species of emergent plants, 21 species of submerged plants, 7 species of floating plants and 5 species of floating leaf plants. Among all these species, Cynodon dactylon, Zizania latifolia, Vallisneria natans and Trapa bispinosa, etc. were common species, Lonicera japonica, Elymus dahuricus, etc. were occasional species. From the distribution of floristic regions, the species in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai were mainly world distribution (83 species) and tropical distribution (55 species), accounting for 40.28% and 26.71% of the total species, respectively. In terms of plant communities, there were 18 main plant community types in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai, including 4 types of hyophytes communities, 3 types of emergent plant communities, 9 types of submerged plant communities and 2 types of floating leaf plant communities. Among all the communities, the main dominant communities were Cynodon dactylon communities, Zizania latifolia communities, Vallisneria natans communities and Trapa bispinosa communities. Compared with previous investigations, it was concluded that the diversity of aquatic plants in the lakeshore zone of Lake Erhai had been significantly improved in recent years. However, there are some problems such as the small area of lakeshore zone and the single type of emergent plant community. Therefore, the construction of lakeshore zone should be further strengthened to improve the habitats and increase species diversity.