中国湖泊古生态研究进展

湖泊古生态学是古湖沼学的一个主要分支学科,主要通过沉积记录中的各种生物化石指标分析,重建不同时空尺度的湖泊生态系统演化过程,回答生态学、全球变化和环境管理应用方面的议题.本文回顾了国内外湖泊古生态研究的发展历程,在介绍湖泊古生态系列指标和研究基本原理基础上,着重评述了过去20 a来我国湖泊古生态研究取得的主要进展和成果,包括:(1)建立了基于多种生物和生物标记化合物指标进行古气候环境要素(温度、盐度、水体总磷等)定量重建的系列转换函数模型;(2)重点揭示了不同地质历史时期和近百年来湖泊生态环境演变的规律,及其对自然和人为驱动的响应特征与机理;(3)利用古生态记录诊断了湖泊生态系统突变模式与早期信号特征,定量揭示了湖泊生物群落演替与生态系统弹性损失的关系.上述成果为湖泊环境管理和治理提供了重要依据.本文最后对我国湖泊古生态研究进行了展望,提出了今后研究的重点方向.

A review of lake palaeoecology research in China

Lake palaeoecology is an important branch of palaeolimnology, which aims to reconstruct the evolution of lake ecosystems on various spatiotemporal scales, and answer the questions of ecology, global change and environmental management through multiple subfossil biological proxies in the sedimentary records. This paper reviewed the history of palaeoecology studies at home and abroad. After introducing the fundamental principles of lake palaeoecology, this paper further elaborated the main progresses and achievements of palaeoecology research in China in the past 20 years, including (1) the transfer function models to quantitatively reconstruct past climate and environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, total phosphorus, etc.) based on a variety of biological and biomarker compound proxies were established; (2) the laws of the lake ecological environment evolution in different geological historical periods and in the past century, and its response characteristics and mechanisms to the natural and anthropogenic driving forces were revealed; (3) the palaeoecological records were used to diagnose the regime shift patterns and early signal characteristics of lake ecosystems, and the relationships between the biological structures and resilience loss of lake ecosystems were quantitatively revealed. These results provide important basis for lake environmental management and governance. In the end, the paper makes a prospect for the study of lake palaeoecology in China and puts forward the emphasis for the future studies.