高水位隧道堵水限排围岩与支护相互作用分析

为了保护环境并尽可能降低衬砌结构所受的水压力，提出高水位山岭隧道应采取“以堵为主，限量排放”，即“堵水限排”的防排水设计原则。但对于堵水限排情况下衬砌结构的设计，目前尚没有规范可依，这是目前隧道设计施工亟待解决的问题。在隧道力学和渗流力学的基础上进行理论分析，研究渗流应力耦合作用下围岩的力学特性，利用特征曲线法分析了不同排放量下围岩与支护的相互作用，并与数值方法计算结果进行对比。计算结果表明：不同排水量下围岩特性曲线不同，支护阻力也不同，不同排水条件下围岩有效切向应力和有效径向应力的变化很明显，排水对围岩应力以及支护体系受力的影响是不容忽视的。另外，传统隧道设计方法在全排水时完全不考虑水的作用是不安全的。所得结论可为堵水限排衬砌结构设计提供理论依据。

Analysis of interaction between surrounding rock and lining in high water-level tunnels with controlled drainage

To protect the environment and reduce the water pressure on lining as possible, the controlled drainage principle is proposed in high water-level mountain tunnels. But there is no specification for tunnel design with controlled drainage, so it is very urgent for tunnel design and construction. The mechanical character of the surrounding rock under coupling of seepage and stress is studied based on tunnel mechanics and seepage mechanics. The interaction between surrounding rock and lining with different drainages is studied by using character curve method; and the result is compared with numerical method. The result shows that the character curve and the support force are different and the effective tangential and radial stresses vary remarkably with different drainages; so the effect of drainage on the stress of surrounding rock and the support force can’t be ignored. Another conclusion is drawn that it is unsafe in traditional tunnel design that action of water is not considered during total drainage. All these conclusions can provide theoretical base for tunnel design with controlled drainage.