沉积矿床中重要（变价）金属元素与古海洋环境关系综述——以新元古代—早古生代扬子板块周缘为例

对氧化—还原敏感元素和生命必需元素地球化学性质和相关沉积矿产形成机制及其时空分布特征的分析、总结和归纳,有助于对古海洋环境演化与相关沉积矿产形成关系的深入认识,这对沉积矿床学理论的发展具有重要意义。新元古代南华纪—早古生代早志留世,扬子板块周缘黑色岩系中依次沉积了举世瞩目的南华纪锰矿、震旦纪—早寒武世沉积磷块岩、早寒武世重晶石矿、镍—钼—钴多金属矿、钒矿和早志留世铀矿的完整沉积矿床系列,不同时代地层、同一时代不同沉积环境地层赋存不同类型的沉积矿产,有必要对其成矿机理进行系统研究、总结和归纳。本文在对氧化—还原敏感金属元素、生命必需元素和海底热液元素等元素地球化学性质综述的基础上,兼论了它们在结合黄铁矿矿物学对氧化—还原环境、生物生产力和盆地限制性分析方面具体作用;进一步结合新元古代—早古生代扬子板块古环境演化特征,对扬子板块周缘特定时代中特定沉积矿产的分布、成因机理进行分析、总结和归纳;最终得出扬子板块周缘相关沉积矿产,是在全球氧化事件、冰期—间冰期、Rodina大陆裂解大背景下,海洋中成矿金属元素得到长期积累,在特定时代区域性海水—海底热液—生物作用（根据不同矿种各有侧重）影响下,在相关重要元素地球化学性质的控制下、局部区域特殊氧化—还原环境的控制下形成的特定矿产的初步认识。最后,结合相关沉积矿床研究中存在的问题,提出下一步解决方案与展望。

Reviews of important elements in sedimentary minerals deposited around Yangtze Block from Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic and their relationship to old ocean

Redox Sensitive Trace Metals and Bio- essential elements can deposit and formed special sedimentary mineral deposits in special sedimentary setting. Deep understanding the important elements geochemistry, relevant sedimentary mineral deposits and their spatial and temporal distribution characteristic, can improve our cognition between the old ocean evolution and sedimentary mineral deposits formation.Methods: In this paper, we reviewed relevant elements migrate and concentrated regulation, and redox discrimination methods which included pyrite morphology, and biological productivity and basin limitation discrimination methods. Then we centralized summarized Nanhuan to early Silurian sedimentary Mn, P, Ni—Mo—Co, V and U mineral deposit around Yangtze Block in genetic, distribution and the relation to lithofacies palaeogeography, under the background of global oxidation envent, glacial—interglacial envents, Rodinia supercontinent break up envent, metallogenic metal elements in the ocean accumulated during a long geology history. Results and Conclusions:So the sedimentary minerals in Yangtze Block margin from Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic is the natural laboratory to ① research Redox Sensitive Trace Metals and Bio- essential elements action in different sedimentary environment, and ② metallogenic mechanism and the contribution of seawater—biology—hydrothermal fluid end members. At last, to solve the problems in sedimentary ore deposits study of Yangtze Block, we proposed solutions and future prospecting.