古地理为探矿工作之指南

本文以煤、铝土矿、磷酸盐岩以及铜和铁等矿产的赋存规律为例说明了古地理分析在矿产预测及勘探中的指南作用。新淮南煤田的发现证明了古地理解释的关键作用。煤田的类型与古地理背景有密切的联系，古地理条件控制煤层的化学性质、物理性质以及煤田的经济价值。钙红土型铝土矿床的展布明显受古地理控制。古地理条件也是控制磷酸盐岩分布规律的重要因素。宣龙式铁矿赋存于震旦纪海盆的古海岸线之上，宁乡式铁矿主要分布于晚泥盆世海侵的古滨岸或近滨带附近。正确理解古地理特征对勘探铜矿亦是至关重要的。

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AS A GUIDE TO MINERAL EXPLORATION

Taking coal, bauxite, phosphate rock, sedimentary copper and iron ores, etc. , as examples, this paper has demonstrated the use of palaeogeographic interpretation in prediction and exploration of sedimentary deposits. The discovery of the New Huainan Coal Field proves that a clear understanding of the palaeogeography is of great help for the discovery of new coal fields. There is a close relationship between palaeogeography and types of coal fields. The palaeogeographic conditions control the chemical and physical properties of coal seams as well as the economic value of coal fields. Palaeogeography has determined the distribution of the Chinese bauxite of the terra-rossa type.The distribution of the phosphate rock also follows the palaeogeographic trend. The iron deposits of Xuanlong type is mainly distributed along the old shoreline of the Sinian basin. The iron deposits of Ningxiang type mainly occurs along the old shoreline or nearshore zone of the Late Devonian transgression. A clear understanding of the palaeogeography should be of paramount importance in the future exploration of the hitherto little known copper deposits. In conclusion, palaeogeography can be taken as a guide to mineral exploration.