浙江萧山跨湖桥遗址动物骨骼表面微痕与人类行为特征

浙江跨湖桥遗址位于中国东南沿海,是距今约8000年左右的新石器时代遗址。遗址中出土有大量哺乳动物骨骼,通过显微观测和统计,发现遗址动物骨骼表面有丰富的人工改造痕迹,并有家畜狗的啃咬痕迹等。其中人工改造痕迹的比重,达到所观察标本总数的17.57％。人工改造痕迹的显微特征、排列规律、分布位置等,反映遗址古居民已熟练掌握了剥皮、分解、剔肉等多种屠宰和加工技术。遗址古居民还对动物资源进行肉食之外的其他目的的开发,如把动物骨骼作为原料进行其他生产性加工等。跨湖桥遗址骨骼表面痕迹的观测,显示中国东南沿海新石器时代居民屠宰加工方法,与中国旧石器时代有密切的技术渊源,如对动物躯体进行分解时切割位置的选择等。遗址骨骼表面人工改造痕迹,与以前对旧石器时代的许多认识基本一致,但也有一些相异的地方,如切割刻划痕迹底部比较光滑,没有旧石器时代切割刻划痕底部的微细条纹(microstriations)等。这可能与该时期所使用工具发生变化相关。跨湖桥遗址骨骼表面改造痕迹的研究,对认识新石器时代古居民的行为方式、新石器时代与旧石器时代技术渊源等,具有重要的参考价值和启示作用。

THE MICROSCRATCH TRACE OF ANIMAL BONE SURFACE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR STUDY OF KUA HU QIAO SITE IN XIAOSHAN DISTRICT,ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

Kua Hu Qiao Site is located in Chengxiang Street,Xianghu Village,Xiaoshan County,Zhejiang Province with the site center at 30°16'N,120°08'E.The site age is about 8000 years ago and in the Neolithic peroid.A large number of mammal bones have been unearthed in this site.By applying random selection method,the six unit statistics data of skeleton unearthed were collected,the total number of observated specimens is 387 pieces.The results show that there are artificial transformation among the bone surface traces from this site.The traces of dismemberment incision and cutting of the proportionaccount for 4.65 ％ of the observed 387 pieces,the picking meat trace is 4.13 ％ ,the cutting bone trace is 3.36 ％ ,and the peeling cutting trace is 0.78 ％ respectively.The number of animal transformation traces among the specimens and its proportion,are obviously smaller comapred with the numbe and proportion of artificial transformation,but larger than those of manual peeling cutting traces.The proportion of artificial transformation trace from the site,is 17.57 ％ of the total samples by totality observation method By the data of races of artificial transformation in microscopic characteristics,arranging rule sand distributing locations,peeling,decomposition,picking meat as well as slaughter processing skills were mastered by the ancient residents from this site.Other advanced skilles such as using animal bones as raw materials for production processing were also developed by the ancient residents from this site.Observation of bone surface microscratch such as positional selection of decomposition and cutting and positional selection of decomposition and cutting against animal body at Kua Hu Qiao Site,shows that slaughter and processing skills of coastal residents from Southeast China in the Neolithic Age,has close technical relations with those in the Paleolithic Age by origin.The artificial transformation traces of the bone surface from this site basically corresponds with many cognitions of the Paleolithic Age,but shows differences in other areas as following: cutting of the skinned trace bottom is smoother no microstriations of cutting skinned trace bottom from the Paleolithic Age are found. Skill differences may be due to the changes of tools used during the time.Research of bone surface microscratch at Kua Hu Qiao Site,has important research value for us to explore the behavioral pattern of ancient residents during the Neolithic Age,skill development origination relations between the Neolithic Age and the Paleolithic Age.