中国金融排斥的空间特征与空间效应

过构建金融排斥的评价指标体系，测算了中国31个省（市、自治区）2004－2012年的金融排斥程度，采用探索性空间数据分析方法和空间杜宾模型，分别探讨了中国省际金融排斥的空间格局特征及其空间效应。结果表明：1）中国金融排斥程度的省际差异大，在空间上形成由东部向中西部逐渐递增的格局；2）中国金融排斥具有显著的空间相关性特征，东部的低－低集聚与西部的高－高集聚现象明显，且态势稳定；3）空间杜宾模型分析的结果表明，地区经济发展、财政支出能力、教育水平和人口密度与本地区金融排斥显著负相关；教育水平与人口密度增加对降低金融排斥的空间差异有显著作用。

Spatial Characteristics and Spatial Effect of Chinese Provincial Financial Exclusion

By constructing the evaluation index system of financial exclusion, this paper calculates the financial exclusion degree of 31 Chinese provinces (cities and Autonomous regions) from 2004 to 2012, and by applying the method of exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial Durbin model, this paper discusses the spatial characteristics and the spatial effect of Chinese provincial financial exclusion. The results show that: 1) the financial exclusion degree of the 31 provinces in China is generally high, forming a pattern of increasing level from the East to the Middle-West in space. 2) China’s financial exclusion shows obvious characteristics on the spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration, and a noticeable trend of low-low agglomeration in the east and high-high agglomeration in the west, this trend is stable. 3) The results of the spatial Durbin Model analysis show that regional economic development, financial expenditure capability, education level and population density have significant negative correlation with the financial exclusion in this region, the direct effect is significant; The indirect effect of education level and population density is prominent, that means that increasing the regional education level and population density can reduce the spatial difference of financial exclusion to a certain extent. 4) The regions with high financial exclusion level on the one hand need to accelerate their economic development, enhance the internal hematopoietic function to increase the direct effect; on the other hand, have the fiscal policy and monetary policy appropriately directed to the central and western regions, strengthen government’s macro-control so as to prevent the further expansion of financial exclusion’s regional differences; at the same time, popularize financial knowledge, actively promote regional financial cooperation and exchange, increase the investment of human capital to promote the expansion of regional financial spatial spillover effect.