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Diffuse failure in geomaterials: Experiments,theory and modelling
Authors:A Daouadji  F Darve  H Al Gali  P Y Hicher  F Laouafa  S Lignon  F Nicot  R Nova  M Pinheiro  F Prunier  L Sibille  R Wan
Institution:1. Laboratoire de Physique et Mecanique des Materiaux, Universite Paul Verlaine‐Metz, CNRS, Metz, France;2. Laboratoire Sols Solides Structures, UJF‐INPG‐CNRS, Grenoble, France;3. Institut de Recherche en Genie Civil et Mecanique, Universite de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6183, Ecole Centrale Nantes, France;4. INERIS, Unité Risques Naturels, Ouvrages and Stockages/Direction des Risques du Sol et du Sous‐Sol, Verneuil en Halatte, France;5. Groupe de Recherche en Sciences Pour l'Ingénieur, Reims, France;6. Cemagref, Geomechanics Group‐ETNA, Grenoble, France;7. Department of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy;8. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Abstract:This paper presents a synthesis of the works performed by various teams from France, Italy and Canada around the question of second‐order work criterion. Because of the non‐associative character of geomaterials plastic strains, it is now recognized that a whole bifurcation domain exists in the stress space with various possible modes of failure. In a first part these failure modes are observed in lab experimental tests and in discrete element modelling. Then a theoretical study of second‐order work allows to establish a link with the kinetic energy, giving a basis to explain the transition from a prefailure (quasi)static regime to a postfailure dynamic regime. Eventually the main features of geomaterials failure are obtained by applying second‐order work criterion to five different constitutive rate‐independent models—three being phenomenological and two micromechanical. As a whole this paper tries to gather together all the elements for a proper understanding and use of second‐order work criterion in geomechanics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:failure  diffuse failure  second‐order work  bifurcation  nonassociative elastoplasticity  kinetic energy  instability  loss of uniqueness
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