Finite element computation of turbulent flows

After reviewing briefly the major alternatives in the mathematical modelling of turbulent flows, this paper combines the kinetic energy-dissipation (k−ε) turbulent flow model and a mean flow model in a Galerkin finite element model applicable to incompressible turbulent two-dimensional flows with recirculation. Application of this model to examination of flow and particle settling in a rectangular sedimentation basin is presented; this approach completely determines the non-uniform velocity field and also resolves much uncertainty about the choice of values for both the eddy viscosity and the turbulent transport coefficients for settling. Finally, the expected directions of future research work in finite element simulation of turbulent flows are delineated.