A method for estimating microporosity of fine‐grained sediments and sedimentary rocks via scanning electron microscope image analysis

This study presents a method of two‐dimensional scanning electron microscope image analysis that directly quantifies microporosity abundance in clay‐rich, fine‐grained sediments. The method is novel in that it is specifically designed to circumvent the challenge to porosity quantification posed by mineral surface charging and topographical artifacts created during Ar‐ion cross‐section polishing. It utilizes the finding that differences in circularity values can be used to distinguish micropores from blemishes in a thresholded image. This method is powerful because it is fast and provides a direct microporosity estimation technique to augment or replace experimental data. The pore size range to which the method is applicable is clear and can be selected depending on the application of the analysis. When used appropriately, the method can be implemented on microporous sediments and sedimentary rock in general. The method is developed using marine muds of Pliocene and Miocene ages from the Nankai margin (burial depths from approximately 200 to 1100 m). The close match between imaging‐derived microporosity and bulk N₂ microporosity measurements shows that porosity in these young and relatively shallowly buried sediments is dominated by pores of sizes that can be imaged by scanning electron microscopy. In Kumano, forearc basin sediments of the Nankai Trough, results of this method show a significant increase in microporosity with burial depth, probably due to microporosity preservation during compaction and possibly early volcanic ash diagenesis.