生态系统服务权衡与协同视角下的重点生态功能区保护特征

重点生态功能区提供着源源不断的生态系统服务,在保障国家生态安全和社会可持续发展方面,有着不可或缺的基础作用。但是,以生态系统服务权衡与协同关系为视角,进而探讨分析重点生态功能区保护特征的研究案例相对较少。本文以秦巴重点生态功能区为评估分析区域,选择自然地理条件相似度极高的秦巴山区为参照单元,以生态系统供给服务与调节服务为核心内容,在定量分析2000—2019年期间的生态空间变化特征基础上,分析评估生态系统服务权衡与协同关系。结果表明：秦巴山区生态状况逐渐变好,重点生态功能区划定之后,生态系统趋于稳定;重点生态功能区服务能力呈逐渐增强的趋势,平均净初级生产力、土壤保持总量和水源涵养总量比重点生态功能区外分别高出了25.95 gC/m²、5.81亿t和24.95亿m³;土壤保持服务和生态系统供给服务的协同关系与生态状况改善呈正相关;由于受到降水的影响,2010年之后的水源涵养服务与生态系统供给服务的协同关系变差。总体来看,秦巴重点生态功能区的划定带动了区域生态空间“量的增长”和生态系统服务“质的提升”,但生态系统服务之间关系的“协调性”仍然不足,甚至从“协同”转为“权衡”关系,这要求未来国家需要制定更有针对性的生态系统保护管理决策,提高生态系统总体效益,支撑区域生态系统服务的可持续供给。

The protection characteristics of key ecological functional zones from the perspective of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy

Key ecological functional zones provide continuous ecosystem services and play an indispensable role in ensuring national ecological security and social sustainable development. From the perspective of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy, this paper discusses and analyzes the protection characteristics of key ecological functional areas. The data includes multi-source datasets such as ecosystem types, meteorological data, elevation data and soil data from 2000 to 2019. Methods of the dynamic degree of ecological spatial change, ecosystem service model and partial correlation coefficient were used for evaluation and analysis. This research selects the Qinling-Daba (Qinba) Mountains region with high similarity of natural and geographical conditions as the reference unit, takes ecosystem supply services and regulation services as the core content, and analyzes the trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services based on the quantitative analysis of the characteristics of ecological spatial changes from 2000 to 2019. The results showed that the ecological status of the study area gradually improved, and the ecosystem tended to be stable after the delimitation of key ecological functional zones. The service capacity of key ecological functional zones is gradually increasing, and the average net primary productivity, total soil conservation and total water conservation are higher than those outside the key ecological functional zones by 25.95 gC/m², 5.81×10⁸ t and 24.95×10⁸ m³, respectively. The synergy between soil conservation services and ecosystem supply services was positively correlated with the improvement of ecological status. Due to the impact of precipitation, the synergistic relationship between water conservation services and ecosystem supply services after 2010 became worse. Overall, the designation of key ecological functional areas in the Qinba Mountains has driven the "quantitative growth" of regional ecological space and the "qualitative improvement" of ecosystem services. However, the "synergy" of the relationship between ecosystem services is not obvious, and even changed to "trade-off", which requires the country to make more targeted ecosystem protection and management decisions in the future, and improve the overall benefits of ecosystem and support the sustainable supply of regional ecosystem services.